Justification
This species is listed as Vulnerable on the basis that it is known from a single, isolated locality, and although this is in a well-protected reserve the risk of encroachment from fires in surrounding grassland represents a plausible future threat which could rapidly drive this species to Critically Endangered or Extinct. Given the poor state of knowledge of this species this listing is somewhat precautionary, however due to the isolation of this small forest patch and the low vagility of flightless dung beetles it is plausible that the known locality represents the entirety of this species' range as other potential patches are distant.
Geographic Range Information
This species is known only from a single high elevation locality on the South African Escarpment, on the northeast border of Lesotho (Davis et al. 2020). The species was collected in podocarp forest at 1,800 m asl, although the mean elevation in a 5 x 5 km polygon around the known locality is 2,497 m asl. The known locality is an isolated, 1.4 km2 forest patch surrounded by grassland, and while a large number of other Afrotemperate forest patches occur along the upper edge of the escarpment in KwaZulu-Natal they are all small with a high degree of isolation from one another and at some distance from the known locality (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). It is consequently unknown whether this flightless species is likely to occur outside the type locality (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023).
Population Information
Members of this genus are rarely collected (Davis et al. 2020). This species is known only from two specimens both collected in 1979 (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). It was not found in a 2008 targeted search within forest at lower elevations. G. Daniel (pers. comm. 2023) surveyed in this area, but got very few specimens of any species. This may have been a consequence of poor weather, as the conditions were rainy and cold.
Habitat and Ecology Information
This species has been observed in high-elevation podocarp forest within the Northern Afrotemperate Forest vegetation region (Davis et al. 2020). It has been taken from litter containing moss and fungal hyphae (Davis et al. 2020), and is presumed to be a forest specialist (Davis et al. 2020). At the known locality mean annual rainfall is 810 mm and mean annual temperature 9.2 °C (Davis et al. 2020). It is flightless and has been recorded during the summer rainy season (December) (Davis et al. 2020).
Threats Information
The only forest patch from which this species is known is extremely small, with an area of 1.4 km2, however it is encompassed by a protected area. This reserve may however have been gazetted very recently, and during surveys at this site the forest was found not to be pristine (G. Daniel pers. comm. 2023). There are a lot of small-scale settlements in the surrounding area, resulting in local hunting and small-scale exploitation of trees (G. Daniel pers. comm. 2023) although it is unclear whether these would seriously threaten this species.
Davis et al. (2020) suggest that it is "possibly not currently under serious threat". Conversely, von Maltitz et al. (2003) suggest that occasional hot fires encroaching from surrounding vegetation represent a major threat to remnant Afrotemperate forest fragments, and due to the small size and isolation of the known locality, this plausibly represents a near-future threat to its survival.
Use and Trade Information
There is no known use of or trade in this species.
Conservation Actions Information
This species is protected within the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park World Heritage Site (Davis et al. 2020). Continued protection of Northern Afromontane Forest patches is considered essential for the conservation of this species (Davis et al. 2020). Surveys of the many other forest patches along the western border of KwaZulu Natal adjoining Lesotho, the Free State and Mpumalanga are recommended to clarify this species' extent of occurrence and occupancy patterns (Davis et al. 2020). Ecological research is recommended, including transect surveys ranging from grassland into forest to evaluate its degree of habitat specialisation (Davis et al. 2020).