Justification
This species is listed as Near Threatened under criterion B2. Despite an apparently wide (but indeterminate due to a lack of precise locality data) distribution, it occurs in an area subject to high levels of historical and ongoing land transformation, and has been recorded from a small number of sites, so its area of occupancy may be small. Nothing is known of specific threats to the species at its known localities or its ability to tolerate habitat modification from ongoing pastoralism, but it is potentially specialised and highly localised. While the available data suggest that further information will not reveal that it warrants listing as either Critically Endangered or Least Concern (as, even if it is very widespread, suitable sandy soils may be highly localised), it may potentially range from Endangered to Near Threatened.
Geographic Range Information
This species is endemic to the Republic of South Africa, where it was described from three widely separated, inexact localities: one along the east-went trending Magaliesberg Range, and the others in Johannesburg and the Free State (Davis et al. 2020, A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). It has since been recorded from only three precise localities at the eastern end of the Magaliesberg (Davis et al. 2020), encompassing an area of 12.2 km2, however its occurrence in Johannesburg and the Free State suggests the distribution is much wider than the exact records suggest (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023).
The westernmost of the sites mapped in Davis et al. (2020) is incorrect, and all recent records lie to the east of Pretoria / Tshwane (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). Known records have been taken between 1,043 and 1,405 m asl (Davis et al. 2020), however this is derived from 5 x 5 km grid cells and elevations recorded from three precise localities range between 1,323 and 1,403 m asl (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). Results from a quantitative study in a valley just south of the northernmost spot locality recorded only one specimen, suggesting that it is limited to higher elevations (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023).
Population Information
There is no information on the population status of this species, although it has been described as being abundant following rainfall on sandy soils in Telperion Nature Reserve (Davis et al. 2020).
Habitat and Ecology Information
This species is known from three localities that lie along the north edge of the South African Highveld in a transitional area between grassland and bushveld (Davis et al. 2020), but precise records have been taken exclusively in the grassland biome (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). These authors' report of an occurrence in a bushveld vegetation unit (savanna biome) is based on erroneous locality data (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). Records have been mainly taken in upland grassland on "very sandy soils" in Telperion Nature Reserve, while it is rare at a slightly lower elevation (1,338 m) (Davis et al. 2020). It has not been recorded from sandy loam or in open woodland (Davis et al. 2020). It has been collected from composite baits of cattle and pig dung (Davis et al. 2020), and from cattle alone. It has been recorded in the summer rainy season (October to May) (Davis et al. 2020).
Across the known localities mean annual rainfall is between 625 and 701 mm, and mean annual temperature between 17.6–19.4 °C (Davis et al. 2020).
Threats Information
Although the species is protected in at least two reserves, it may be highly localised here (Davis et al. 2020) as it may favour deep sands which are uncommon on the Highveld (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). It may also exhibit vegetation and elevational specialisations. Following correction of the erroneous locality in Davis et al. (2020) all precise records of this species are associated with Rand Highveld Grassland, which has lost 47.5% of its original vegetation cover, driven by ongoing cultivation, plantations, dam creation, and urbanisation (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). The species' ecology and full distribution are however very poorly known, and nothing at all is known of its ecological associations or threats in the Free State or Johannesburg. The entire inferred distribution, however, lies within an area highly transformed by urbanisation and cultivation (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). Both the available data and the species' scarcity in collections are consistent with a high degree of specialisation which may result in a localised occurrence within its wide distribution (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). Coal mining within its range may affect the species, however as it is localised on deep sands it may not occur at mine sites (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023).
Use and Trade Information
There is no known use of or trade in this species.
Conservation Actions Information
This species is known from Telperion (previously Ezemvelo) Nature Reserve (Davis et al. 2020) and Rhenosterpoort Nature Reserve (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). There is no immediate risk that protection will lapse, but ensuring continuing protection of Telperion is likely to be required to ensure this species' persistence in the long term. A quantitative survey, focusing on patches of sandy soils in the Magaliesberg and adjacent ranges, is required to clarify this species' full distribution and determine any ecological associations that may restrict its occupancy (Davis et al. 2020). The impacts of pasture modification should also be studied (Davis et al. 2020).