Justification
Glyptopetalum loheri is a tree species of the Philippines and possibly present in Indonesia. It is found in limestone forest, stunted montane rainforest with many epiphytes but little moss, and riverine forest at 150 to 850 m above sea level. It has an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of 94,184 km² and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 24 km². In the Philippines, the species is known in six localities. While the species may be present in Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, this is based on a single collection, and further information is needed to confirm its occurrence there. Moreover, although it is occurring in declared protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas, conservation of its population is not guaranteed due to continuous land use change and degradation of natural habitat brought by commodity-driven deforestation, illegal logging and urbanization. A significant loss of tree cover from 2001 to 2020 has been reported across the range of the species. Based on Philippines range, the species is assessed as Vulnerable B2ab(i,ii,iii) given its restricted AOO and number of locations. A species-specific conservation programme must be put in place. Also, its introduction in botanic gardens as ex situ collections is suggested.
Geographic Range Information
Glyptopetalum loheri is native to the Philippines. It occurs in limestone forest, stunted montane rainforest with many epiphytes but little moss, and riverine forest of Camarines Sur, Cavite, Palawan (Mt. Beaufort and Irawan River Valley Head in Puerto Princesa) and Rizal (Mount Irid and Rodriguez). The species is possibly present in Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia but it is only known from one collection and more information is needed to confirm this. It usually grows at an elevation of 150 to 850 m above sea level, but has also been recorded from stunted montane forest too (Merrill 1923, GBIF.org 2021). It has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 94,184 km² and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 24 km² accounting for its six identified locations that are continuously threatened by commodity-driven deforestation, illegal logging, and urbanization (GFW 2021).
Population Information
There is no information on the population size of the species. However, a decline is suspected due to continuous loss of primary forests within its distribution range. In Palawan, the species is known only from two localities. Although the species has other four localities in Luzon Island, each subpopulation are found in different mountain ranges composed of fragmented vegetation. The species is possibly present in Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia but more information is needed to confirm this.
Habitat and Ecology Information
Glyptopetalum loheri is a small tree species with height ranging from two to four metres. It can be naturally found along the trail of limestone forest, stunted higher elevation rainforest with many epiphytes but little moss, and riverine forest at 150 to 850 m above sea level (GBIF.org 2021). There is no information on the phenology of the species.
Threats Information
Glyptopetalum loheri is primarily threatened by land conversion and habitat degradation caused by commodity-driven deforestation, illegal logging and urbanization. Based on analysed data from Global Forest Watch, a significant loss of tree cover from 2001 to 2020 is reported across the range of the species – 31,200 ha in the Philippines (Camarines Sur, Cavite, Rizal, and Puerto Princesa, Palawan) and 4,160 ha in Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia.
Use and Trade Information
There is no information on the trade and use of the species.
Conservation Actions Information
The species is not listed in the Philippine Red List and therefore not protected by law against illegal collection or extraction from the wild (DENR-BMB 2017). However, the population of the species is protected in situ because of its presence in declared protected areas (PAs) such as Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape and Palawan Flora, Fauna and Watershed Forest Reserve (Parcel 1). It is also recorded in Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) such as Caramoan peninsula, Victoria and Anepahan Ranges, and Mounts Irid-Angilo and Binuang. Although these are supported by law, conservation of the species' population is not guaranteed due to several threats which may cause rapid population declines. Thus, species-specific conservation programmes, including cultivation in botanic gardens for ex situ conservation are recommended to ensure its continuous survival.