Diospyros bambuseti is endemic to southeast and peninsular Thailand (Sa Kaeo and Surat Thani Provinces) and has a very restricted distribution (known only from the type collection and a newly discovered subpopulation). The recently discovered subpopulation in Surat Thani Province has approximately 500 individuals, however the number of mature individuals in this subpopulation is unknown. There are two locations, but the species may be extinct in the type location. The extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are estimated at 4–8 km². This species is not known from any formally protected area, nor ex situ collections, and is threatened by anthropogenic induced habitat loss in lowland areas local to its locality, as a result of shifting agriculture and development, as well as negative effects of climate change. This species is assessed as Critically Endangered.

Diospyros bambuseti is endemic to southeast and peninsular Thailand (Sa Kaeo and Surat Thani Provinces) and is only known from the type collection and a newly discovered subpopulation, much further away to the southwest. It occurs at 50–100 m asl. 
There are two locations, and the type location is possibly extinct. The extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) are estimated at 4–8 km².

The population of Diospyros bambuseti is not well known or well documented. Surveys and observations made at the known localities and surrounding areas would be beneficial to better understand or confirm the population structure of this species and to determine whether the population is still extant at the type locality. The type collection has been post facto georeferenced and should be viewed as an estimate for location only. The recently discovered subpopulation in Surat Thani Province has approximately 500 individuals (Duangjai et al. 2022); the number of mature individuals in this population is unknown.

Diospyros bambuseti is a small tree, up to 20 m high (already flowering when ca. 2.5 m high), with a trunk diameter up to 60 cm. The trunk may be crooked with slight enlargements or buttresses at the base; the outer bark greyish-brown, smooth or scaly; the inner bark thick, yellowish-brown; the sapwood white; the young branchlets green with dense brown hairs; the older branchlets greyish-brown to brown, smooth to scaly; and the canopy dense and round (Duangjai et al. 2022). It occurs in bamboo forest or riparian forest, at 50–100 m asl.

The species flowers in May–June; fruiting in May–October. Fruits ripen in October.

Diospyros bambuseti is subject to threat from habitat degradation and loss due to exploitation of forestry resources including logging, wildlife hunting and trade, as well as mining, natural rubber and palm oil plantations, hydroelectric projects, road and housing development (urbanization), and air pollution. Climate change and extreme weather variations are a threat in the form of landslides and flooding, along with haze, stemming in part from widespread deforestation (burning), air pollution and the greenhouse effect, which in turn is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases.

There are no reported uses for Diospyros bambuseti.

Diospyros bambuseti is not known from any formally protected area, nor from any ex situ collections.