Mimosa longipes has a very restricted distribution with an estimated extent of occurrence of around 1,908 km². The habitat is known to be threatened and arguably fragmented by a range of anthropogenic activities such as mining and dam construction and can be considered to occur in less than five locations. There is evidence of the species occurring in protected areas that lie to the extreme west of the species' distribution, namely Pouso Alto State Environmental Protection Area. Seeds have yet to be collected and stored by a seed bank and there are no known in situ conservation projects that specifically relate to this species. The species distribution has been determined from old specimen records and thus it is desirable that field data is gathered to get a more accurate record of the current species distribution pattern. At present this taxon is rated as Endangered under criterion B.

Mimosa longipes is endemic to the provinces of Goias, Brazil, known only from early collections taken from the upper Tocantins valley between Niquelandia and Minacu.

There is no data available relating to the population size of this taxon.

This taxon is known from campo rupestre within the broader cerrado biome.

The species distribution of M. longipes fragmented by the Serra da Mesa lake, which was created after the construction of the Serra da Mesa dam in the late 1990s. The lake was formed by the joining of the rivers Maranhão, Tocantinzinho and Bagagem and flooded an area of 1,784 km². The creation of the lake has acted to simulate the growth of local tourism and lead to the growth of local settlements and infrastructure. The city of Minacu has for example got an estimated population of 30,000. Mining has also been an important human activity within the species range and has lead to the loss and degradation of natural habitat. A further threat to the species habitat is agriculture, a lot of land has been converted to pasture land particularly in the east of the species distibution towards Niquelandia.

This taxon is known to occur within one protected areas but seeds have yet to be collected and stored by in a seed bank as a method of ex situ conservation. More recent data on population size or present species distribution is desirable to ensure this species does not become extinct in the very near future.