Justification
This species is listed as Data Deficient on the basis that, although it occurs in an area where it may not presently be threatened and may be more widespread than presently known, much of its likely distribution is unprotected, its ecology remains unstudied, and the extent of its ongoing or future exposure and sensitivity to plantation agriculture in the surrounding area is unclear.
Geographic Range Information
This species is known only from the upper edge of the eastern escarpment of the Mpumalanga Mistbelt Forest Region, South Africa, where the localities summarised by Davis et al. (2020) lie within 5x5 km polygons at 1,493 and 1,800 m asl. This area lies within the northernmost of the three discrete blocks of forest patches that define this region (Davis et al. 2020). The combined area of the known forest patches is 4.8 km2, although there are numerous, larger forest patches in the area in which the species probably occurs (Davis et al. 2020). These do however differ in elevation. A further locality, Graskop, has been identified at approximately 1,350 m asl (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023).
Population Information
Members of this genus are rarely collected (Davis et al. 2020). It is known only from the type series, collected in 1985 from two spots within a patch of relict forest, and from a small number of more recently collected specimens (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). One of these collections was of 1-2 individuals taken in the Mt. Sheba private resort in December 2016, sampled from a 24 hour line of five traps baited with pig dung (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023). Two to three additional specimens were collected from a site at Graskop with remaining good forest, found during leaf litter sifting in December in or around 2008 (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023).
Habitat and Ecology Information
The species has been recorded from ravines supporting patches of relict Northern Mistbelt Forest with well-developed litter layers, with mean annual rainfall of 958–963 mm and mean annual temperature of 13.7–15.5 °C (Davis et al. 2020). It is flightless and has been sampled from carrion (holotype and some paratypes) (Davis et al. 2020), and from pig dung (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023). It has been recorded during the summer rainy season, in December (Davis et al. 2020).
Threats Information
The vegetation unit in which this species occurs has been described as "poorly protected, but not currently threatened" (Davis et al. 2020), although this is an inference from 17-year old data (Mucina and Rutherford 2006). The type and paratype localities are close to the town of Graskop, and Google Earth imagery shows that grassland and plantations surround the remnant forest patches (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). Satellite images suggest that one locality consists of different vegetation from the other, which may indicate replacement of this forest with plantation agriculture (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023). Alternatively this may be a scale error with the available grid reference, and the locality may be in natural forest adjacent to the apparent plantation (A. Davis pers. comm. 2023).
Grassland in this area is under ongoing pressure from plantations, but forest has now mostly retreated to steep valleys unsuitable for cultivation (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023). Although the remaining forest is not under direct pressure from land conversion, changes to the water table due to extensive irrigation represent a plausible future threat (especially during the dry season or drought years) (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023). Three very dry years are projected to follow the 2023 El Niño, but while these may not drastically affect the forest immediately, monitoring of the effects is needed (C. Deschodt pers. comm. 2023).
Use and Trade Information
There is no known use of or trade in this species.
Conservation Actions Information
This species is known from the private Mt. Sheba Nature Reserve, but further protection of the block of forest patches between Sabie and Klaserie is regarded as "essential" for the conservation of this species (Davis et al. 2020). Larger forest patches close to the known sites remain unsurveyed, and Davis et al. (2020) recommend surveys of high elevation forest patches across the entire northeast edge of the escarpment in Mpumalanga and Limpopo (Davis et al. 2020). Ecological research is recommended, including transect surveys ranging from grassland into forest to evaluate its degree of habitat specialisation (Davis et al. 2020). Habitat monitoring is required, especially to clarify the impacts of extreme weather events.