Justification
Jumellea intricata, an epiphytic orchid endemic to Madagascar, is known in subhumid and montane forests and occurs in five Regions.
The species is known from 77 collections made between 1923 (Perrier 15697) and 2019 (Ambatovy spirit collection 3765A1935/5). Four collections (Mason 2134; Tsimbazaza Spirit Collection 54B26, 82B68, 83B68) were made with no precise locality information and thus were not taken into account in this assessment. The remaining 73 collections represent 43 occurrences. Twenty-six occurrences have been made in the footprint of a mining project that has undergone and is undergoing intense human pressure such as forest clearing and these occurrences should now be considered as extirpated. One occurrence is located outside protected areas subject to forest clearing due to shifting agriculture and forest degradation due to small-scale agriculture, along with wood harvesting for subsistence and wildfires. Thirteen occurrences have been made in six protected areas and threatened by illegal logging. In addition to these officially protected sites, three collections (three occurrences) were made in the conservation zone surrounding the footprint of a mining project, which should be protected in the near future.
Based on the IUCN Guidelines, the extent of occurrence (EOO) of J. intricata is estimated to be 59,150 km2 (far exceeding the limits for Vulnerable status under criterion B1) whereas its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated at 52 km² (which falls within the limits for Endangered status under criterion B2). The species is thus known from 73 collections representing 17 existing and 26 extirpated occurrences. These 17 existing occurrences represent a total of seven locations (sensu IUCN 2022) with respect to the most serious plausible threat, forest clearing due to mining activities and shifting agriculture. It is inferred that the loss of its habitat has and will induce a continuing decline in AOO, habitat extent and quality, and the number of subpopulations and mature individuals. The species would have been assigned a VU status under criterion B. We also suspect a population reduction based on 32% on the AOO from 76 km2 in 2010 to 52 km2 in 2040 based on the loss of 26 occurrences of the species due to forest clearing, where the cause of reduction will not cease and may no be reversible based on a decline in AOO which lead to consider the species under a threatened category according to criterion A. Therefore, Jumellea intricata is assessed under criterion A as VU A4c and under criterion B as VU B2ab(ii, iii, iv, v).
Geographic Range Information
Jumellea intricata, an epiphytic orchid endemic to Madagascar, is known from five Regions: Analamanga (in the former recognized Province of Antananarivo), Diana (in the former recognized Province of Antsiranana), Alaotra Mangoro and Antsiananana (in the former recognized Province of Toamasina), and Amoron'i Mania (in the former recognized Province of Fianarantsoa), in subhumid and montane forests (Madagascar Catalogue 2022).
Population Information
The population of Jumellea intricata is currently thought to be decreasing since its habitat is threatened by forest clearing due to mining activities, forest degradation by illegal logging, wildfires, timber harvesting for small-scale subsistence use, and slash-and-burn agricultural practices (tavy). The number of mature individuals of Jumellea intricata is not known and cannot be estimated since the species is an epiphyte on trunks or branches of trees in humid, subhumid forests, and mossy shrublands.
Habitat and Ecology Information
Jumellea intricata is an epiphytic herb growing on the trunk and branches of trees on moss, and lichen-covered trees in subhumid and montane forests, between 538 to 2,000 m elevation (Madagascar Catalogue 2022).
Threats Information
One occurrence of Jumellea intricata is located outside protected areas and is threatened by forest clearing due to shifting agriculture and forest degradation due to small-scale agriculture, along with wood harvesting for subsistence and wildfires. Furthermore, 13 occurrences, although present in protected areas, are threatened by illegal logging. In addition to these officially protected sites, 26 occurrences in the footprint of a mining project are undergoing intense human pressure such as forest clearing. These occurrences should be considered as extirpated. The remaining three occurrences have been made in the conservation zone surrounding the mining project, they should be subjected to protection in the near future. It is inferred that the ongoing loss of its habitat will induce a continuing decline in AOO, habitat extent and quality, and the number of subpopulations and mature individuals.
Use and Trade Information
There is no reported use and trade of the species, but it might be sought after by specialist collectors.
Conservation Actions Information
Jumellea intricata, an epiphytic orchid endemic to Madagascar, is known from six protected areas: Harmonious Protected Complex of Anjozorobe-Angavo, Harmonious Protected Landscape of Itremo Massif, Mantadia National Park, Natural Resources Reserve of Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor, Torotorofotsy Protected Area, and Tsaratanàna Integral Natural Reserve. The species is also currently placed in Appendix II of CITES. Seeds are banked in the Ambatovy seed bank. Ex-situ conservation is recommended (micro-propagation and living collections).