Angraecum caricifolium, an epiphytic orchid endemic to Madagascar, is known in humid and subhumid forests, and mossy shrubland high-land between 900 and 1,400 m elevation.

The species is known from 39 collections representing 20 occurrences, made between 1881 (Hildebrandt 3977) and 2019 (Ambatovy Spirit collection 3795A327). One of these collections (Du Puy 4114) was made with no precise locality information and was not taken into account in this assessment. Three collections have been recorded in three protected areas. In addition to these officially protected sites, 26 collections (eight occurrences) of this species have also been collected on the footprint of mining projects undergoing intense human pressure such as forest clearing. These former specimens were collected on individuals that must be considered extirpated. However, the species has been collected from one collection (Antilahimena 6628) located in the conservation zone surrounding the footprint and this forest should be subject to protection in the near future. It is also known from eight collections (eight occurrences) made from Ankafina, Bekora, Didy, Mandraka, Moramanga-Anosibe, Tsinjoarivo, and Vakinankaratra in unprotected forests subjected to selective logging, timber harvesting for small-scale subsistence, slash-and-burn agricultural practices (Tavy), and fire for grazing. The species is thus known from 39 collections representing 12 existing and eight extirpated occurrences.

The extent of occurrence (EOO) of A. caricifolium is estimated to be 102,884 km² (far exceeding the limits for Vulnerable status under criterion B1) whereas its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated at 48 km² (which falls within the limits for Endangered status under criterion B2). These 12 remaining occurrences represent a total of 11 locations (sensu IUCN 2022) with respect to the most serious plausible threat, slash-and-burn agricultural practice (tavy), exceeding the upper limit for Vulnerable status. We estimate that the past loss of its habitat, which will continue, has and will induce a strong continuous decline in habitat quality, number of subpopulations, and mature individuals in the next ten years as well as an important decline in its EOO and AOO. It is also inferred that a population reduction of 55%, based on a reduction of the AOO, using a 2 × 2 km cell size, due to the loss of eight occurrences [eight occurrences on the mine footprint] measured over three generations (2000–2030). The cause of the reduction, forest clearing due to mining activities, and forest degradation due to selective logging, timber harvesting for small-scale subsistence, slash-and-burn agricultural practices (tavy), and fire for grazing, may not have ceased and may not be reversible based on the decline in the area of occupancy, which is under the threshold of Endangered status under criterion A4c. The species is thus assessed under criterion A as EN A4c.

Angraecum caricifolium, an epiphytic orchid endemic to Madagascar, is known from six regions: Analamanga (Mandraka) and Vakinakaratra (Tsinjoarivo) in Antananarivo Province, Diana (Montagne d'Ambre and Sorata) in Antsiranana Province, Ihorombe (Andringitra and Bekora) and Matsiatra Ambony (Ankafina) in Fianarantsoa Province and Alaotra Mangoro (Moramanga and Analamazaotra) in Toamasina Province, in humid and subhumid forests (Madagascar Catalogue 2021).

The population of Angraecum caricifolium is currently thought to be decreasing since its habitat is threatened by forest degradation due to slash-and-burn agricultural practices (tavy), forest clearing due to mining activities, and selective logging, timber harvesting for small-scale subsistence use. The number of individuals of A. caricifolium is not known and cannot be estimated since the species is an epiphyte on the trunk or branches of trees in a humid, subhumid forest, and mossy shrubland.

Angraecum caricifolium is an epiphytic herb growing on the trunk and branches of trees on moss- and lichen-covering trees in humid and subhumid forests, and mossy shrubland high-land between 900 and 1,400 m elevation (Madagascar Catalogue 2022).

Eight occurrences of Angraecum caricifolium are located outside protected areas and are threatened by forest clearing for agriculture, cattle using the forest for pastures, wildfires, and illegal logging. In addition, eight occurrences have been made in the Ambatovy footprint of a mining project undergoing intense human pressure such as forest clearing. These former occurrences must be considered as extirpated. The loss of the occurrences in the footprint of mining has and will continue to induce a continuing decline in the AOO, the number of subpopulations, and the number of mature individuals.

There are no reported uses of the species, but it may be sought after by specialist collectors.

Three occurrences of the species are situated within three protected areas: Montagne d'Ambre National Park, Analamazaotra Special Reserve, and Andringitra National Park. The species is also currently placed in Appendix II of CITES. Ex situ conservation is recommended (micro-propagation, seed banking, and living collections). Angaraecum caricifolium should be included in the list of Malagasy protected species. Further awareness building is recommended for local communities and national authorities.