Eulophia pulchra is known from Madagascar, the archipelago of Comoros (Mayotte), and Tanzania.

The species is known from 42 collections representing 33 occurrences. This species is also known from 11 observations recorded on iNaturalist. However, because precise GPS coordinates are not available, these observations were not considered in this assessment. Three of these collections (Cheek 1316, Du Petit-Thouars 3 and Herb. Jard. Bot. Tana 930), have imprecise locality information and were not taken into account in this assessment. The species is also known from one collection that was made with no precise locality information collection in Comoros and not taken into account in this assessment. One collection (one occurrence, one location) is known in Tanzania. Twenty collections representing 18 occurrences and 12 locations have been made in 12 protected areas, the Montagne d’Ambre National Park (two occurrences, one location), the Marojejy National Park (two occurrences, one location), the Loky Manambato Protected Harmonious Landscape (one occurrence, one location), the Manongarivo Special Reserve (one occurrence, one location), the Ambohitantely Special Reserve (one occurrence, one location), the Nosy-Mangabe National Park (one occurrence, one location), the Bemaraha National Park (one occurrence, one location), the Betampona Integral Natural Reserve (one occurrence, one location), the Analamazaotra National Park (four occurrences, one location), the Mantadia Nationa Park (one occurrence, one location), the Torotorofotsy Protected Area (one occurrence, one location) and the Andohahela National Park (one occurrence, one location). In addition to this officially protected site, seven collections (three occurrences) have been made on the footprint of a mining project undergoing intense human pressure such as forests clearing. These occurrences must be considered as extirpated due to habitat destruction by the mining project's activities. Eulophia pulchra is also known from two collections (two occurrences, one location) made in the conservation zone surrounding the footprint and this forest should be subject to protection in the near future. It is also known from eight collections representing six occurrences made from Ambanja, Lohavanana, Mangoro, Manantantely, and Vinanibe collected in unprotected forest that are subjected to selective logging, land use trends (deforestation and habitat conversion), timber harvesting for small-scale subsistence, production of charcoal and slash-and-burn agricultural practices (tavy).  Overall, the species is thus known from 38 collections (30 occurrences) with precise localization representing 27 existing and three extirpated occurrences. These 27 remaining occurrences represent a total of 19 locations (sensu IUCN 2019) with respect to the main threat, deforestation induced by local logging and agriculture, which is over the upper limit for Vulnerable status.

The extent of occurrence (EOO) of E. pulchra is estimated to be 1,137,363 km² (far exceeding the limits for Vulnerable status under criterion B1) whereas its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be 144 km² (which falls within the limits for Endangered status under the criterion B2). Despite our inference of a loss of its habitat that will induce a strong continuous decline in EOO, AOO, habitat extent, and quality, the number of subpopulations and mature individuals in the next ten years, this widespread species, with many subpopulations encompassed within the protected areas network, will still not qualify for a threatened category by then. Eulophia pulchra is therefore assigned a status of Least Concern.

Eulophia pulchra  is native to Madagascar where it occurs in the former provinces of Antananarivo in the Analamanga Region (Ambohitantely), of Antsiranana in the Diana and Sava Regions (Ambanja, Loky-Manambato, Manongarivo, Marojejy, and Montagne d’Ambre), of Mahajanga in the Melaky Region (Bemaraha), of Toamasina in the Alaotra-Mangoro, Analanjirofo and Atsinanana Regions (Moramanga, Mangoro, Analamazaotra, Mantadia, Nosy-Mangabe, and Betampona) and Toliara in the Anosy Region (Andohahela, Manatantely, and Vinanibe). This species is also found in the archipelago of the Comoros (Mayotte) and in Tanzania.

The population of Eulophia pulchra is currently thought to be decreasing since the species habitat is threatened by forest clearing due to mining activities, and forest degradation by selective logging, land use trends (deforestation and habitat conversion), timber harvesting for small-scale subsistence, production of charcoal and slash-and-burn practices (tavy). The number of mature individuals of E. pulchra is not known and cannot be estimated as it is a terrestrial herb Growing below trees in the forest.

Eulophia pulchra is a terrestrial herb growing below trees in humid and subhumid, closed-canopy forests of the north, eastern slope forests, and in the deciduous forest over limestone boulders and crags of the western forest between 50 to 1,600 m elevation (Madagascar Catalogue 2021).

The species experiences continuing decline in EOO, AOO, habitat quality, the number of locations and the number of mature individuals because of habitat destruction due to slash-and-burn agricultural practices (tavy), selective logging (production of charcoal), land use trends (deforestation and habitat conversion), timber harvesting for small-scale subsistence and mining.

There are no reported uses for this species, but it may be sought after by specialist collectors.

Twenty collections (18 occurrences) have been recorded from 12 protected areas, Montagne d’Ambre National Park (three occurrences), Marojejy National Park (two occurrences), Loky Manambato Protected Harmonious Landscape (one occurrence), Manongarivo Special Reserve (one occurrence), Ambohitantely Special Reserve (one occurrence), Nosy-Mangabe National Park (one occurrence), Bemaraha National Park (one occurrence), Betampona Integral Natural Reserve (one occurrence), Analamazaotra National Park (four occurrences), Mantadia Nationa Park (one occurrence), Torotorofotsy Protected Area (one occurrence) and Andohahela National Park (one occurrence). The species is included in Appendix II of CITES. It is recorded in three ex situ collections (BGCI 2021). Several individuals of this species have been brought to cultivation in the Ambatovy shade houses. Ex situ conservation is recommended (micro-propagation, seed banking). Further awareness building is recommended for local communities and national authorities.